2013年9月30日 星期一

Trigonometry

Trigonometry
                                                 Unit circle


     -1 sinθ 1         -1 cosθ 1
      -tanθietanθ R      -cotθiecotθR
   1≦丨secθ丨→∞ieif X=(-1,1then secθRbut secθX
   1≦丨cscθ丨→∞ieif  X=(-1,1then cscθRbut cscθX
Basic Identities   sin2θ+cos2θ=1
  1tan2θ=sec2θ
  1cot2θ=csc2θ
Law of sines
     a/sinAb/sinBc/sinC
Law of cosines
  a2b2c2-2bccosA
  b2c2a2-2cacosB
  c2a2b2-2abcosC
Sum angle formulas
  sin(α±β)=sinαcosβ±cosαsinβ
  cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ-sinαsinβ

  cos(α-β)=cosαcosβ+sinαsinβ

  tan(α+β)=﹝tanα+tanβ﹞/1-tanαtanβ﹞

  tan(α-β)=﹝tanα-tanβ﹞/1tanαtanβ﹞
Double angle formula
  sin2α=2sinαconα
  cos2α=cos2α-sin2α
       2cos2α-1
       1-2sin2α
  tan2α=2tanα/1-tan2α﹞
  cos3θ=4cos3θ-3cosθ
(記憶口訣:箍三等於四箍三減三箍。
         ie塊三 = 四塊三﹣三塊。)
Half angle formula 
  sin(β/2)=±﹝(1-cosβ)/21/2
  cos(β/2)=±﹝(1cosβ)/21/2
  tan(β/2)=±﹝(1-cosβ)/1cosβ)﹞1/2
  tan(β/2)=(1-cosβ)/sinβ=sinβ/1cosβ)
Sum each other and product formula
  sin(αβ)+sinα-β)=2sinαcosβ
  sin(αβ-sinα-β)=2cosαsinβ
  cos(αβ)+cosα-β)=2cosαcosβ
  cos(αβ-cosα-β)=-2sinαsinβ
 
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Physical constants and data

Students, when you do physical topics,
forgot some of the physical constants,
see here.
Conversion factors
Length
    2.54cmin
    1.609344km/mi
    9.461×105m/light-year
Mass
    1.6605×10-27kg/u
Force
    105dyn/N
Pressure
    1.01325×10 5N/m2/atm
    1.01325×10 5bar/atm
    1.01325×103Hbar/atm
    76cmHg/atm
    1torr/mmHg
Work and energy
    107ergs/J
    4.184J/cal
    3.60×106J/kWh
    1.054J/Btu
    1.6022×10-19J/eV
    6.242×1018eV/J
    0.239cal/J
Power
    746W/hp  
Electrical
    1.6022C/electron
    96,487C/faraday
Physical constants and data
Speed of light
       C2.997925×108m/s
Gravitational constant
      G6.67×10-11N˙m2/kg2
Avogadro's number   
     NA6.022×1023particles/mole
    NA6.022×1026particles/kg.atom
Boltzmann's constant
    κ=1.3806×10-23J/K  ,κ≡R/NA
gas constant
     R8314J/kg˙mole˙K
Planck's contant
     h6.6262×10-34J˙s
electron charge
     e1.60219×10-19C/charge
electron rest mass
     me9.1096×10-31kg
          5.4859×10-4u
Proton rest mass
     mp1.67261×10-27kg
          =1.0072766u
Neutron rest mass
     mn1.67492×10-27kg
          =1.0086652u
Permittivity constant
    εo8.85419×10-12C2/N˙m2
permeability constant
    μo4π×10-7N/A2
standard gravitational acceleration
      g9.80665m/s2
mass of earth                    8.98×1024kg
avg radius of earth           6.37×106m
avg density of earth                5.57g/cm3
avg earth-moon distance      3.84×108m
avg earth-sun distance          1.496×1011m
mass of sun                               1.99×1030kg
radium of sun                           7×108m
Suns  radiation intensity at the earth
                                                      0.032cal/cm2˙s
                                                      0.134J/cm2˙s
Quantum theory formula
   Ehν
   phν/ch/λ
Photoelectric equation
  hν=(1/2mv2eφ
  eφWork function
Obviously eφhνo   νoLower limit frequency
    eVs=(1/2mv2
  Vs Cut-off voltage
Matter wave formula
   ν=E/h
   λ=h/p

SERIES EXPENSIONS 
     x丨<1 unless otherwise indicated
    1±xn1 ± nx+(n)(n1/2!x2±
    (1x-n1 nxnn1/2!x2﹣…
    (1x-n1nxnn1/2!x2
    (1±x½1 ± ½x 1/8x2 ± 1/16x3 ﹣…
    (1x-½1﹣½x3/8x25/16x3
    (1x-½1½x3/8x25/16x3
Scientific notation   a×10n  ,   1a10,       I
The following formulas for all real
     sinxxx3/3!x5/5!

    cosx=1﹣x2/2!+x4/4!﹣…
      ex1xx2/2! x3/3!
      1,        e 1x

    
  ㏑(1±x)=±x½x2±1/3x3¼x4± 
Mozart's music for children
(Музыка Моцарта для детей)

                                                                   
                                                                  
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